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Persian grammar (Persian: دستور زبان پارسی) is similar to that of many other Indo-European languages, especially those in the Indo-Iranian family. By the time of Middle Persian, the Persian language had become more analytical, having no grammatical gender and few case markings, and New Persian has inherited such characteristics. ==Word order== While Persian has a subject–object–verb (SOV) word order, it is not strongly left-branching. However, because Persian is a pro drop language, the subject of a sentence is often not apparent until the end of the verb, and thus the end of the sentence. Ketāb-e ābi-ro did''am''. ''I'' saw the blue book. Ketāb-e ābi-ro did''id''. ''You'' saw the blue book. In this way, Persian in some ways resembles an object-verb-subject language, especially for second language learners. If thought of in this way, the verb endings in Persian can be thought of as a form of pronoun. The main clause precedes a subordinate clause, often using the familiar Indo-European subordinator ''keh''. Be man gof-t keh emruz nemiyād. ''He told me that he isn't coming today.'' The interrogative particle ''āyā'' (آیا), which asks a yes/no question in written Persian, appears at the beginning of a sentence. Modifiers, such as adjectives, normally follow the nouns they modify, using the ezāfe, although they can precede nouns in limited uses. The language uses prepositions, uncommon to many SOV languages. The one case marker, in the written language ''rā'' (را), (in the spoken language ''ro'' or ''o'') follows a definite direct object noun phrase. Ketāb-e ābi rā az ketābxāneh geref-t. ''She got the blue book from the library.'' Normal sentences are ordered subject–preposition–object–verb. If the object is specific, then the order is "(S) (O + "rā") (PP) V". However, Persian can have relatively free word order, often called "scrambling." This is because the parts of speech are generally unambiguous, and prepositions and the accusative marker help disambiguate the case of a given noun phrase. This scrambling characteristic has allowed Persian a high degree of flexibility for versification and rhyming. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Persian grammar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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